#1 Getting Started

Once you have decided on your subject, you need to decide on the best techniques and materials to use. There are so many things to consider. Should the background stay white? Should you use a smooth paper or rough? Should  you use graphite, charcoal, or a maybe a combination of both. It's enough to make you take up sculpting! Don't get discouraged. This tutorial will answer these questions and more. 

The first thing you need to do is analyze the textures in all the areas of your subject. Decide which areas would be considered rough and which are smooth. Notice where contrasting textures and values are adjacent to each other.

Once you have identified the basic textures and values of your subject, you need to decide on the appropriate techniques to use in each area.

#2 Using Charcoal and Graphite Pencil (why I use both in each drawing)

The individual granules of charcoal have an irregular shape. When light strikes a drawing containing these particles, it bounces back in many different directions. That means when it is pushed to its darkest value, charcoal doesn't have the reflective glare that is common with graphite. Usually the darkest values in a drawing are shadows, and, if you are trying to render a subject as realistically as possible, the last thing you want is a shadow that reflects more light than the subject. I use both charcoal and graphite pencil in different areas of my drawings.

Subjects I typically render with charcoal pencils:

• Wood, Bark, fur, hair, eyelashes, pupil of the eye, dark line between the lips, nostrils, coarse fabrics, - like denim, leather, cast shadows,

Subjects I typically render with graphite pencils:

• Skin tones, Shading in the white of the eye, Glass, Porcelain, Light values in shiny metal, Smooth fabrics - like silk, Light shading on paper objects- like playing cards.

My favorite brands of charcoal and graphite pencils:

• Graphite: 
  There are many artist grade graphite pencils to choose from these days. A 2B pencil of one brand may be vastly different than the 2B of another brand. I currently use Berol Turquoise drawing pencils.

• Charcoal:
  Many people who are used to the feel of graphite effortlessly gliding across their paper find charcoal too abrasive. Several years ago, I came across Ritmo charcoal pencils. While they aren't as smooth as graphite, they did have less of that feeling of "drag" than many other charcoal pencils. Since then the formula for Ritmo seems to have changed and I no longer use them. Currently I use Primo euro blend charcoal pencils manufactured in the USA by General Pencil Company. There are three degrees of hardness ranging from HB (hardest) to 3B (softest). All charcoal smears easily so if you are not familiar with this medium you may consider reading the chapter entitled Keeping Your Drawing Clean on page 18 of my technique book.

• Carbon Pencils
  I also employ two types of carbon pencils: Wolff's and Conte carbon. The Wolff's carbon pencil has recently been reformulated to give a smoother feel and richer blacks than the old version. The clay in the Conte carbon pencil has a slightly warmer tone to it than the rest of the media I use. When either of these carbon pencils are used in combination with charcoal and graphite, their inherent characteristics make them ideal for separating subjects containing similar values.

#3 Blending

I use various tools to blend with also. Each creates a different texture and spreads each medium differently. Using the right blending tool can mean the difference between using a few quick swipes to create the exact look you want, or, re-working an area for hours (or until you rub a hole in the paper) and giving up in frustration. These are some of my blending tools:

• Blending Stump: These are tightly wound paper sticks with points on both ends. They are available in several diameters. Use them to blend large areas of the medium and also to apply the medium directly to the paper for softer effects.
  

• Tortillon: These are generally smaller and not wrapped as tightly as blending stumps. They are not as solid as blending stomps  and they create a slightly different texture. 
  

• Felt pad: Purchase 1' x 1' white squares at a craft store. Creates random textural effects for a variety of natural looking textures.
  

• Facial Tissue: Good for blurring the edge of shadows and softening unwanted pencil strokes. Paper towels are another choice if you don't want to lighten the area as much.
  

• Paper: Blending with paper brings out the texture of the drawing paper. The paper you use to blend with makes a big difference in the texture created. Try wrapping notebook paper around you finger to start with. Good for separating two objects that have similar values by using only textures.
  

• Chamois: To imitate smooth textures like skin tones and reflective surfaces like glass. Also use it like an eraser to lighten large masses of dark charcoal or graphite. Creates an extremely smooth texture.
  

• NOT FINGERS: I know some people don't have a problem with it but it can be a nightmare. I suggest you even be careful touching important areas of the paper with your bare hands. Your fingertips can transfer oil to the paper. This oil becomes apparent if it is in light areas of blended charcoal or graphite. Graphite and charcoal work exactly like finger print dusting powder, leaving the incriminating imprints of the person responsible for groping your paper. (Probably you, but you can yell at the kids if it makes you feel better.) It is impossible to make a smooth, even tone with charcoal or graphite powder in areas with fingerprints.
  

• Experiment: Put those creative thinking caps on! You never know when you might come across something that will produce the perfect texture you are looking for. Try different fabrics - smooth and rough. Just make sure the materials are clean and the color from dyes won't rub off on your paper.
  

• One Last Tip: These are some of the materials and techniques I use. I offer these methods as a starting point, to help you achieve a style all your own.  I believe there are as many techniques on how to draw as there are people. Never let any instructor or book make you believe that their way  is the ONLY way. My theory is - if it works, use it. We all need to keep growing and experiment but keep true to your own vision

Learn How to Draw!

Technique book 

For complete step by step instructions that include over 150 illustrations order a signed copy of my technique book "Drawing Realistic Textures in Pencil". To learn more about  it's contents, click the book.